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Pinus quadrifolia
''Pinus quadrifolia'', the Parry pinyon, is a pine in the pinyon pine group native to southernmost California in the United States and northern Baja California in Mexico, from 33° 30' N south to 30° 30' N. It occurs at moderate altitudes from to , rarely as low as and as high as . It is scarce and often scattered in this region, forming open woodlands, usually mixed with junipers. Other common names include nut pine〔Farjon, A. 2013. (''Pinus quadrifolia''. ) In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. Downloaded on 31 July 2013.〕 and fourleaf pinyon pine.〔
==Description==
''Pinus quadrifolia'' is a small to medium size tree, reaching to tall and with a trunk diameter of up to , rarely more. The bark is thick, rough and scaly. The leaves ('needles') are in fascicles of 4–5, moderately stout, – long; glossy dark green with no stomata on the outer face, and a dense bright white band of stomata on the inner surfaces. The cones are globose, – long and broad when closed, green at first, ripening yellow to orange-buff when 18–20 months old, with only a small number of thick scales, with typically 5–10 fertile scales.
The cones open to to broad when mature, holding the seeds on the scales after opening. The seeds are – long, with a thin shell, a white endosperm, and a vestigial – wing; they are dispersed by the pinyon jay, which plucks the seeds out of the open cones. The jay, which uses the seeds as a food resource, stores many of the seeds for later use, and some of these stored seeds are not used and are able to grow into new trees.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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